Certain illnesses and medical conditions can affect fertility. Common examples in people with ovaries include PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), endometriosis, thyroid disorders, and infections that can damage the uterus or fallopian tubes. In people with sperm, low sperm count, poor motility, hormonal imbalances, or testicular and duct problems can reduce fertility.

This doesn’t mean having children is impossible — but sometimes investigation, treatment, or assisted reproduction is needed. In many cases, fertility can be improved with the right support.

If you suspect that a condition may be affecting fertility, seek medical advice early — there are many effective options available.

Alma’s tips:

• Write down your questions before seeing a doctor so you remember what to ask.
• Remember, many people have children despite diagnoses or challenges.