A vaginal birth is the body’s natural way of delivering a baby, and although every birth is unique, it usually follows a predictable physiological pattern. Labour is traditionally divided into three stages: dilation, pushing, and delivery of the placenta.

The dilation phase begins when contractions become regular and start to thin and open the cervix. Early labour can be long and variable, while active labour involves rapid cervical dilation up to 10 cm. The baby rotates and gradually descends into the pelvis. Throughout this phase, the midwife supports with pain relief, positions, and monitoring the baby’s heart rate.

During the pushing stage, contractions change character—stronger, more intense—and the birthing person often feels a natural urge to push. The baby’s head appears gradually at the vaginal opening and rotates into the correct position for birth. The midwife guides pushing to protect the pelvic floor and minimize tearing. After the head is born, the shoulders and body usually follow in the next contraction.

The baby is placed skin to skin immediately, supporting temperature, breathing, and bonding. The placenta is delivered within 5–30 minutes. The midwife checks bleeding, uterine tone, and any tears right away.

A vaginal birth is a safe, physiological process led by the midwife, whose expertise lies in supporting the body’s natural ability to give birth.

Alma’s tips

• Change positions frequently—movement helps the baby rotate.

• Follow your body during pushing—your instinct is powerful.

• Skin-to-skin immediately is calming and healing for both baby and parent.

• Speak up if anything worries you—you are never a burden.