Shoulder dystocia occurs when the baby’s head is born but one shoulder becomes stuck behind the pubic bone. It is unexpected and uncommon, but midwives and doctors are well trained to handle it quickly and calmly.

When this happens, the midwife notices that the baby’s head is not rotating as usual. You may feel that the birth “pauses” after the head is out. Additional staff are called in immediately, and the room becomes focused and organised.

Several well-established manoeuvres can help free the shoulder. The most common is the McRoberts position, where your legs are gently lifted toward your chest while the midwife applies pressure just above the pubic bone to help the shoulder rotate. Sometimes changing your position — for example moving onto your hands and knees — can create more space in the pelvis.

Once the shoulder releases, the rest of the body is usually born quickly. Afterwards, the baby is examined to ensure the arms and collarbone are unaffected. Most babies recover without complications.

It’s normal to feel unsettled afterward. A birth debrief can help you process the experience.

Alma’s tips

• Follow the team’s guidance — their actions are coordinated and well practised.

• Ask for a birth debrief if the moment felt stressful.

• Shoulder dystocia is not your fault and cannot be predicted.